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Food for the people of YHWH — worship

De.14:3 “Don’t eat anything abominable”

“Therefore you are to distinguish between clean and unclean animals and between clean and unclean birds; do not make yourselves abominable with an animal, bird or reptile that I have set apart for you to regard as unclean.
And you shall be holy to Me, for I YHWH Elohim am holy, and have separated you from the peoples, that you should be Mine.”
Leviticus 20:25

Introduction

Everything we do has its roots in history. Often deeply entrenched, these things become an integral part of our lives. Becoming what we call traditions. It’s hard to break ties with traditions, “my great-grandfather did it, my grandfather and father did it, I’m doing it, and my children will do it as well” …

There is nothing wrong with good traditions. However, are all traditions good? Where do they originate from? Who decided that things should be done a certain way? Are the things that we are used to doing, a violation of the Holy and Perfect Law of the Most High? If we are not regularly asking ourselves these questions, then they are already entrenched in our lives. If when we consider our traditions and we begin to justify ourselves, we are under its control. For example, where did the food that we set on our tables originate from? Do we still love the food our ancestors ate, or have we introduced these delicacies into our diet, having seen them on the tables in strange homes, cities and lands? Or did we choose them simply because we like the taste?

The ancient people who knew YHWH Elohim, including Noah, had significantly more knowledge about nutrition and understood the importance of its origin. Food is and was not just a meal, but a sacrament. For example:

KEY POINTS

Why food has spiritual significance

Eating at the same table is an intimate act of communication. Those of us who have had to share a meal with people with whom we have a tense relationship understand what it is like.
The process of eating should provide the highest level of joy.
During communion, we connect with the body of the Anointed One by partaking of the bread and the wine (grape juice). Bread is associated with the Word, and wine with the blood.
The Levites at the temple were supposed to eat what was sacrificed.
A tithe is a form of worship offered to Him. For instance, the second tithe was brought to the Temple in the form of a large feast, which was eaten joyfully. If it were too far to carry the food, people would sell it and use that money to buy the food once they arrived in Jerusalem.
All first-born animals were dedicated to YHWH and had to be eaten. Even first-born calves could not be used for other needs such as plowing. They must be eaten as the highest level of glorification of YHWH: “For the first-born that He gave to you.”
For YHWH’s feasts, food is the essential part of the celebration. It could even be said to be the central precept (commandment) for the festivity.
Sin came into the world through food. For example, Adam and Eve tasted the fruit, and Esau sold his birthright for the bowl of food.
Fasting (abstaining from food), in general, is a powerful spiritual weapon. Consider the temptation in the desert for 40 days at the Yeshua fast.
A man (husband) tasted his wife’s faithfulness by means of “bitter water,” which the Priest gave the woman to drink so that her “abdomen swells, and thigh wastes away.” (Num. Chapter 5). The same test awaits sinners at the end of the world when YHWH gives them bitter water (Rev.8:11) and condemns the harlot of Babylon.
Yeshua spoke of the Holy Spirit as a river flowing from the womb.
Paul spoke these words:
“But now I have written to you not to keep company with anyone named a brother, who is sexually immoral, or covetous, or an idolater, or a reviler, or a drunkard, or an extortioner – not even to eat with such a person.” 1Cor.5:11

It is with utmost importance for the Most High that we consider what we put on our tables, into our mouths and whom we share it with. It was precisely for this reason that YHWH created “clean” animals that people could consume. It is essential to understand that from the moment of Creation; YHWH invented an eternal and unchanging law “each thing shall produce after its own kind,” which nobody could change, even Christian theological teaching. Here is this Law and principle:

Then Elohim said, “Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb that yields seed, and the fruit tree that yields fruit according to its kind, whose seed is in itself, on the earth”; and it was so. And the earth brought forth grass, the herb that yields seed according to its kind, and the tree that yields fruit, whose seed is in itself according to its kind. And Elohim saw that it was good. So the evening and the morning were the third day. Gen. 1:11-13

According to this Law, a man produces a man, a beet produces a beet, and a turtle produces a turtle. A clean animal produces a clean animal, and an unclean animal produces an unclean animal:

“Who can bring a clean thing out of an unclean? No one!” Job 14:4

We, the world, and the universe live according to this Law. This Law shatters the theory of evolution invented by Satan. The influence of someone else could partly cause some unusual changes. However, these are already called mutations and are not the norm. YHWH provided and determined everything for the well-being of man. He took care not only of salvation but also of life on earth. We are allowed to eat clean animals because they taste good and are clean for the human body. All unclean animals have unique qualities and fulfill a critical function on earth. They clean the forest, filter water, regulate the population of animals, etc. They are not food for people since they are unsuitable for consumption.

CONTEXT MATTERS

Texts often cited about food

These texts are often used as proof that the distinction between foods was abolished. In context, they are not about changing which animals YHWH gave as food.

Unfortunately, today, various theories teach that Yeshua the Anointed One turned all unclean animals into clean ones, thus promoting the spiritual “theory of evolution.” However, YHWH, while creating animals, defined their functions from the very beginning. His Creation was perfect and did not require corrections or improvements. Here is a list of the texts most often cited that are used contrary to the Word of YHWH. Below, we put them into context to better understand the text:

REVIEW 01

Letter to Titus 1:15

To the pure all things are pure, but to those who are defiled and unbelieving nothing is pure; but even their mind and conscience are defiled. Tit.1:15

To understand this text, it is essential to examine what was written in the previous verse:

REVIEW 02

Letter to Titus 1:14

… not giving heed to Jewish fables and commandments of men who turn from the truth. Tit. 1:14

This is not about the commandments regarding food from YHWH’s Torah. In fact, any kind of food, including clean animals that were coming from pagan tables or countries, was considered by Jews as unclean. This human fiction doesn’t have any similarity with the Law of food, which defines animal species as clean and suitable for eating regardless of where they are stored or sold.

REVIEW 03

Letter to the Romans 14:1

Receive one who is weak in the faith, but not to criticize his opinions. For one believes he may eat all things, but he who is weak eats only vegetables. Let not him who eats despise him who does not eat, and let not him who does not eat judge him who eats; for YHWH has received him. Who are you to judge another’s servant? To his own master he stands or falls. Indeed, he will be made to stand, for YHWH is able to make him stand. Rom.14:1

Obviously, we are not talking about YHWH ‘s Law but about the opinion of the “weak in faith.” Moreover, their opinion is that it is better to eat vegetables or anything (suitable for eating). In any case, it is entirely unacceptable, under any circumstances, to humiliate or condemn such a person. If they do something not according to the Word of YHWH, then we are to teach them in love and meekness, adhering to the true Word, consistent with the teaching.

REVIEW 04

Letter to the Colossians 2:16

Col.2:16 Therefore let no one sit in judgment on you in matters of food and drink, or with regard to a feast day or a New Moon or a Sabbath.

As mentioned above, it is completely unacceptable to condemn anyone but to teach, guide in love and truth. However, let’s look at the context: “Col. 2:8 Be careful, brethren, that no one captivate you with philosophy and empty deceit, according to the tradition of men, according to the elements of the world, and not according to the Anointed One.” It is obvious that the Word of YHWH is not a philosophy or empty deceit or the elements of the world or a human tradition. Paul was speaking to people who were influenced by Judaic religious teachings (Talmudism). They condemned how exactly certain Feasts should be celebrated (the religious order aka ‘Seder’), and many other rules regarding food: for example, mixing milk and meat, separate dishes, the ritual washing of hands, etc.

REVIEW 05

Letter to the Romans 14:5

One person esteems one day above another; another esteems every day alike. Let each be fully convinced in his own mind. He who observes the day, observes it to YHWH; and he who does not observe the day, to YHWH he does not observe it. He who eats, eats to YHWH, for he gives YHWH thanks; and he who does not eat, to YHWH he does not eat, and gives YHWH Elohim thanks. Rom.14:5

When “acting according to the convinced of your mind,” one is not to act against the commandments of YHWH, but to be within the framework of His Law. This also applies to days of observance. For instance, a person can determine the day of fasting at his own discretion, and thus “not eat for the YHWH.” However, this person should not demand others to fast in the same way since this is his personal opinion. In any case, these verses are not talking about food but rather about fasting.

REVIEW 06

First Letter to the Corinthians 8:8

But food does not commend us to YHWH; for neither if we eat are we the better, nor if we do not eat are we the worse. 1 Cor.8:8

Once more, this chapter does not talk about food that is unfit for eating. This is about food sacrificed to idols:

REVIEW 07

First Letter to the Corinthians 8:1

Now concerning things offered to idols: We know that we all have knowledge. 1 Cor.8:1
Eat whatever is sold in the meat market, asking no questions for conscience’ sake; for “the earth is YHWH ‘s, and all its fullness.” If any of those who do not believe invites you to dinner, and you desire to go, eat whatever is set before you, asking no question for conscience’ sake. But if anyone says to you, “This was offered to idols,” do not eat it for the sake of the one who told you, and for conscience’ sake; for “the earth is YHWH ‘s, and all its fullness. “Conscience,” I say, not your own, but that of the other. For why is my liberty judged by another man’s conscience? But if I partake with thanks, why am I evil spoken of for the food over which I give thanks? Therefore, whether you eat or drink, or whatever you do, do all to the glory of YHWH Elohim. 1 Cor.10:25

This was another example where we are not talking about food commandments but about food sacrificed to idols, which, according to the Jews, could be secretly sold by the pagans in the market. That’s why Jews did not go to such places to buy food since this food was considered unclean. In any case, Paul’s words that “Everything that is sold at the market could be eaten without any research” cannot repeal the Creator’s commandments about clean and unclean food which were given to man at Creation. Since Paul was born with the distinction between clean and unclean food, there was no need for him to explain what was sold in the marketplace. Paul’s words teach us not to pay attention to the Jewish teaching and the added rules, but instead to boldly buy everything that YHWH has assigned for people to eat in His Word. Paul says it doesn’t matter unless you are told that the food you are buying has been sacrificed to idols. Everything offered to you at the market or someone’s home from the food suitable for eating can be safely eaten while thanking YHWH and feeling free from religious prejudices.

REVIEW 08

Gospel of Mark 7:1

Then the Pharisees and some of the scribes came together to Him, having come from Jerusalem. Now when they saw some of His disciples eat bread with defiled, that is, with unwashed hands, they found fault. For the Pharisees and all the Jews do not eat unless they wash their hands in a special way, holding the tradition of the elders. When they come from the marketplace, they do not eat unless they wash. And there are many other things which they have received and hold, like the washing of cups, pitchers, copper vessels, and couches. Then the Pharisees and scribes asked Him, “Why do Your disciples not walk according to the tradition of the elders, but eat bread with unwashed hands? He answered and said to them, “Well did Isaiah prophesy of you hypocrites, as it is written: ‘This people honours Me with their lips, But their heart is far from Me. And in vain they worship Me, Teaching as doctrines the commandments of men.’ “For laying aside the commandment of YHWH, you hold the tradition of men – the washing of pitchers and cups, and many other such things you do.” He said to them, “All too well you reject the commandment of YHWH, that you may keep your tradition. […]
14 When He had called all the multitude to Himself, He said to them, “Hear Me, everyone, and understand: There is nothing that enters a man from outside which can defile him; but the things which come out of him, those are the things that defile a man. Mark 7:1-15

Starting at verse 1, it is clear from the context that the text is not talking about clean and unclean animals. It is talking about the ritual of the washing of hands, a religious teaching, which prohibits touching food without performing the ritual “netilat yadam” washing of hands from a special bowl. Even in this case, Yeshua does not call us to sit down at the table and eat with dirty hands. The phrase “nothing entering a person from the outside can desecrate a person” denounces religious teaching that tries to remain pure through traditions and human precepts while violating commandments from the Torah itself.

REVIEW 09

First Letter to Timothy 4:1

Now the Spirit expressly says that in later times some will depart from the faith, giving heed to deceiving spirits and doctrines of demons, speaking lies in hypocrisy, having their own conscience seared with a hot iron, forbidding to marry, and commanding to abstain from foods which YHWH created to be received with thanksgiving by those who believe and know the truth. For every creature of YHWH is good, and nothing is to be refused if it is received with thanksgiving; for it is sanctified by the Word of YHWH and prayer. 1 Tim. 4:1-5

It is essential to mention that this is about the “teaching of the demons,” not YHWH ‘s commandments! Every Creation made for human consumption is good and illuminated by His Word and our Prayer. YHWH Elohim identified and sanctified usable food by His Word and commandment from the Torah, and our prayer thanks and praises YHWH for it.

REVIEW 10

Acts of the Apostles 10:9

The next day, as they went on their journey and drew near the city, Peter went up on the housetop to pray, about the sixth hour. Then he became very hungry and wanted to eat; but while they made ready, he fell into a trance and saw heaven opened and an object like a great sheet bound at the four corners, descending to him and let down to the earth. In it were all kinds of four-footed animals of the earth, wild beasts, creeping things, and birds of the air. And a voice came to him, “Rise, Peter; kill and eat.” But Peter said, “Not so, YHWH! For I have never eaten anything common or unclean.” And a voice spoke to him again the second time, 15 “What YHWH has cleansed you must not call unclean or common.” Act.10:9

This is perhaps the most cited text among people who, based on verse 15, believe that YHWH cleaned everything, including food. It is interesting to note that Peter, up to this point, had never thought of eating anything unclean. It would be very strange if Yeshua taught him the opposite. Based on this whole story, it becomes clear that we are not talking about YHWH ‘s commandments regarding food, and therefore, this vision was not a call to start eating reptiles or any four-legged animal like cats, rats and bats. However, unfortunately, today, the leaders of various religious institutions lead many people to precisely this conclusion. However let’s see what conclusion Pavel himself came to:

REVIEW 11

Acts of the Apostles 10:28

«Then he said to them, “You know how unlawful it is for a Jewish man to keep company with or go to one of another nation. But YHWH has shown me that I should not call any man common or unclean» Act.10:28.

This is about the gentiles whom the Jews considered unclean and tried to avoid any kind of contact with them (see also Acts.11:1-3; Lk.15:2; Mt.9:11). The fact is that Peter, despite his courage in testifying about Yeshua, was influenced by these Pharisaical teachings and Paul also accused him of this:

REVIEW 12

Letter to the Galatians 2:11

Now when Peter had come to Antioch, I withstood him to his face, because he was to be blamed; for before certain men came from James, he would eat with the Gentiles; but when they came, he withdrew and separated himself, fearing those who were of the circumcision. And the rest of the Jews also played the hypocrite with him, so that even Barnabas was carried away with their hypocrisy. Gal.2:11

YHWH Elohim showed Peter this vision so that Peter could conclude that it is not necessary to listen to religious fiction and avoid gentiles but to accept and communicate with different people and tell them the truth, despite their origins.

In conclusion, I would like to give an excellent example from Scripture about the Queen of Sheba’s impression. She saw with her own eyes all of the best in the kingdom of Israel in its golden era when the people listened to the commandments of YHWH and lived in peace and blessing:

REVIEW 13

First Book of Kings 10:4

And when the queen of Sheba had seen all the wisdom of Solomon, the house that he had built, the food on his table, the seating of his servants, the service of his waiters and their apparel, his cupbearers, and his entryway by which he went up to the house of YHWH, there was no more spirit in her. Then she said to the king: “It was a true report which I heard in my own land about your words and your wisdom. However, I did not believe the words until I came and saw with my own eyes, and indeed the half was not told me. Your wisdom and prosperity exceed the fame of which I heard. Happy are your men and happy are these your servants, who stand continually before you and hear your wisdom! Blessed be YHWH your Elohim, who delighted in you, setting you on the throne of Israel! Because YHWH has loved Israel forever, therefore He made you king, to do justice and righteousness.” 1 Kings 10:4

According to His Word, this is our wisdom to act according to the commandments and live in blessing. From the other side of the spectrum, YHWH Elohim also condemns to anger all those who pervert the truth and act according to their own discretion or under the influence of theological teachings, thereby determining what is right and righteousness in his eyes (self-righteousness).

Wisdom and anger

WISDOM

Surely I have taught you statutes and judgments (laws), just as YHWH my Elohim commanded me, that you should act according to them in the land which you go to possess. Therefore be careful to observe them; for this is your wisdom and your understanding in the sight of the peoples who will hear all these statutes, and say, ‘Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people.’ For what great nation is there that has Elohim so near to it, as YHWH our Elohim is to us, for whatever reason we may call upon Him? And what great nation is there that has such statutes and righteous judgments as are in all this law which I set before you this day?
Deuteronomy 4:5

ANGER

“I was sought by those who did not ask for Me; I was found by those who did not seek Me. I said, ‘Here I am, here I am,’ to a nation that was not called by My name. I have stretched out My hands all day long to a rebellious people, who walk in a way that is not good, according to their own thoughts; a people who provoke Me to anger continually to My face; who sacrifice in gardens, and burn incense on altars of brick; who sit among the graves, and spend the night in the tombs; who eat swine’s flesh, and the broth of abominable things is in their vessels.
Prophet Isaiah 65:2
For behold, YHWH will come with fire and with His chariots, like a whirlwind, to render His anger with fury, and His rebuke with flames of fire. For by fire and by His sword YHWH will judge all flesh; and the slain of YHWH shall be many. “Those who sanctify themselves and purify themselves, to go to the gardens after an idol in the midst, eating swine’s flesh and the abomination and the mouse, shall be consumed together,” says YHWH!
Prophet Isaiah 66:15

Food list

Green means fit for food. Red means not intended for human consumption.

DISTINGUISHING CLEAN AND UNCLEAN FOODS

Gen.7:8 Of clean animals, of animals that are unclean, of birds, and of everything that creeps on the earth, two by two they went into the ark to Noah, male and female, as Elohim had commanded Noah.

Deut.14:3 Don’t eat anything abominable.

Lev.20:25 You shall therefore distinguish between clean animals and unclean, between unclean birds and clean, and you shall not make yourselves abominable by beast or by bird, or by any kind of living thing that creeps on the ground, which I have separated from you as unclean.

Lev.11:46 This is the law of the animals and the birds and every living creature that moves in the waters, and of every creature that creeps on the earth, to distinguish between the unclean and the clean, and between the animal that may be eaten and the animal that may not be eaten.

BLOOD AND FAT

Lev.3:17 This is the fixed rule down through the generations, wherever you happen to live: Don’t eat the fat. Don’t eat the blood. None of it.

Deut.12:23 Only be sure: absolutely no blood. Don’t eat the blood. Blood is life. Don’t eat the life with the meat.

Lev.7:26 You shall eat no blood of any kind, whether of bird or of beast, in any of your dwellings. Whoever eats any kind of blood, that person shall be cut off from his people.

Lev.17:10 And whatever man of the house of Israel, or of the strangers who dwell among you, who eats any blood, I will set My face against that person who eats blood, and will cut him off from among his people. For the life of the flesh is in the blood, and I have given it to you upon the altar to make atonement for your souls. For it is the blood that makes atonement for the soul. Therefore I said to the children of Israel, “No one among you shall eat blood, nor shall any stranger who dwells among you eat blood.”

Deut.12:24 You shall not eat it (blood) you shall pour it on the earth like water. You shall not eat it, that it may go well with you and your children after you, when you do what is right in the sight of YHWH.

Gen.9:4 You shall not eat flesh with its life, that is, its blood.

Lev.19:26 You shall not eat anything with the blood.

Lev.17:13 Whatever man of the children of Israel, or of the strangers who dwell among you, who hunts and catches any animal or bird that may be eaten, he shall pour out its blood and cover it with dust. For it is the life of all flesh. Its blood sustains its life. Therefore I said to the children of Israel, “You shall not eat the blood of any flesh, for the life of all flesh is its blood. Whoever eats it shall be cut off.”

Lev.7:23 You shall not eat any fat, of ox or sheep or goat.

Lev.7:25 For whoever eats the fat of the animal of which men offer an offering made by fire to YHWH, the person who eats it shall be cut off from his people.

Lev.7:24 And the fat of an animal that dies naturally, and the fat of what is torn by wild beasts, may be used in any other way. But you shall by no means eat it.

MEAT TORN BY BEASTS OR THAT WHICH DIED NATURALLY

Ex.22:31 You shall not eat meat torn by beasts in the field; you shall throw it to the dogs.

Deut.14:21 You shall not eat of anything that dies of itself (carrion). You may give it to the stranger or the foreigner who is within your towns, that he may eat it, or you may sell it to an alien. For you are a holy people to YHWH your Elohim.

Lev.22:8 Whatever dies naturally or is torn by beasts he shall not eat, to defile himself with it.

MEAT

Deut.12:20 When YHWH your Elohim enlarges your border as He has promised you, and you say, “Let me eat meat,” because you long to eat meat, you may eat as much meat as your heart desires.

LIVESTOCK

✓ Fit for food

Lev.11:2 These are the animals which you may eat among all the beasts that are on the earth. Whatever parts the hoof and is cloven-footed and chews the cud, any of these animals you may eat.

Deut.14:4 These are the animals you may eat: ox, sheep, goat, deer, gazelle, roebuck, wild goat, ibex, antelope, mountain sheep – any animal that has a cloven hoof and chews the cud among the beasts you may eat.

Lev.11:26 The carcass of any animal which divides the foot, but is not cloven-hoofed or does not chew the cud, is unclean to you. Everyone who touches it shall be unclean.

× Not intended for food

Deut.14:7 Nevertheless, of those (animals) that chew the cud or have cloven hooves, you shall not eat, such as these: the camel, the hare, and the rock hyrax (coney). For they chew the cud but do not have cloven hooves; they are unclean for you. Also the swine is unclean for you, because it has cloven hooves, yet does not chew the cud. You shall not eat their flesh or touch their dead carcasses.

Lev.11:4 Nevertheless these you shall not eat among those that chew the cud or those that have cloven hooves: the camel, because it chews the cud but does not have cloven hooves, is unclean to you. The rock hyrax, because it chews the cud but does not have cloven hooves, is unclean to you. The hare, because it chews the cud but does not have cloven hooves, is unclean to you. And the swine, though it divides the hoof, having cloven hooves, yet does not chew the cud, is unclean to you. Their flesh you shall not eat, and their carcasses you shall not touch. They are unclean to you.

Lev.11:27 And whatever goes on its paws, among all kinds of animals that go on all fours, those are unclean to you. Whoever touches any such carcass shall be unclean until evening.

FISH AND SEAFOOD

✓ Fit for food

Lev.11:9 These you may eat of all that are in the water: whatever in the water has fins and scales, whether in the seas or in the rivers – that you may eat.

Deut.14:9 These you may eat of all that are in the waters whatever has fins and scales you may eat.

× Not intended for food

Deut.14:10 And whatever has not fins and scales you may not eat. It is unclean for you.

Lev.11:10 But all in the seas or in the rivers that do not have fins and scales, all that move in the water or any living thing which is in the water, they are an abomination to you. They shall be an abomination to you. You shall not eat their flesh, but you shall regard their carcasses as an abomination. Whatever in the water does not have fins or scales – that shall be an abomination to you.

POULTRY

✓ Fit for food

Deut.14:11 Of all clean birds you may eat.

× Not intended for food

Deut.14:12 But these are the ones which you shall not eat the eagle, the vulture, the ospray, the buzzard, the kite in its several species, the raven in all its species, the ostrich, the nighthawk, the sea gull, the hawk of any variety, the little owl, the great owl, the horned owl, the pelican, the carrion vulture, the cormorant, the stork, the heron of any variety, the jackdaw the hoopoe, and the bat.

Lev.11:13 And these you shall regard as an abomination among the birds. They shall not be eaten, they are an abomination: the eagle, the vulture, the buzzard, the kite, and the falcon after its kind. Every raven after its kind, the ostrich, the short-eared owl, the sea gull, and the hawk after its kind. The little owl, the fisher owl, and the screech owl. The white owl, the jackdaw, and the carrion vulture. The stork, the heron after its kind, the hoopoe, and the bat.

INSECTS

✓ Fit for food

Lev.11:21 You can eat some of these, namely, those that have jointed legs for hopping on the ground: all locusts, katydids, crickets, and grasshoppers after its kind. But all other winged insects which have four feet shall be detestable to you (shall be an abomination to you). By these you shall become unclean. Whoever touches the carcass of any of them shall be unclean until evening.

× Not intended for food

Lev.11:20 All flying insects that creep on all fours shall be an abomination to you.

Deut.14:19 And all winged swarming things (all flying insects) are unclean unto you. They shall not be eaten.

REPTILES

✓ Fit for food

—

× Not intended for food

Lev.11:29 These also shall be unclean to you among the creeping things that creep on the earth: the mole, the mouse, and any kind of great lizard. The gecko, the land crocodile, the sand reptile (lizard), skink and the chameleon. These are unclean to you among all that creep. Whoever touches them when they are dead shall be unclean until evening.

Lev.11:41 And every creeping thing that creeps on the earth shall be an abomination. It shall not be eaten. Whatever crawls on its belly, whatever goes on all fours, or whatever has many feet among all creeping things that creep on the earth – these you shall not eat, for they are an abomination.

Lev.11:43 You shall not make yourselves abominable with any creeping thing that creeps nor shall you make yourselves unclean with them, lest you be defiled by them. For I amYHWH your Elohim. You shall therefore consecrate yourselves, and you shall be holy. For I am holy. Neither shall you defile yourselves with any creeping thing that creeps on the earth.

YOUNG GOAT IN ITS MOTHER’S MILK

Ex.23:19/ Ex.34:26/ Deut.14:21 You shall not boil a kid* (young goat) in its mother’s milk.

* “do not boil young goat” is mentioned three times in the Torah: twice in the context about the first fruits (Ex.23:19; 34:26), and once in the context about food (Deut.14:2). In the first two instances (Ex.23:19; 34:26) this can be read as an allegory. In the second context (Deut.14:2), it can be seen that this commandment is a ban of the Canaan ritual and so it can be classified under idolatry. This ritual, as it is mentioned in the Canaan texts from Ugarit, was analogous to the harvest feast: ‘Ancient pagans had a ritual of boiling a young goat in his mother milk after they would gather the harvest, and then marking the trees, fields and fruit gardens with that milk; as they believed this ritual was supposed to help increase the next year’s harvest’. This was confirmed during excavations of the city of Uragit. An ancient manuscript about an Ugarit ritual (KTU 1. 23 ХII BC ) said: ‘Cook a young goat on fire seven times, a lamb in oil on a fire seven times as a food for Astarte’, describing a ritual of bringing sacrifice for goddess Ishtar (Easter/Astarte).

Interpretation of this commandment as the separation of the meat and dairy products has no evidence in the Torah and, therefore, is one of its religious interpretations.